In the late 1800's and early 1900's, 30,000 Jewish migrants from Russia and Eastern Europe settled in Manchester. Over 150 years in America. The historian tells Michael Segalov about getting up early, reading George Orwell, taking his dog George for a walk, playing his guitar But it is also likely that disease played a role. Thousands of petitions were presented to parliament. I brought up paedophilia to demonstrate that there are things not worth my time. This seems rather unlikely. Pretty sure if you could, implausibly, trace my family tree through various not-very-literate eras youd pass through at least one Anglo-Saxon who owned a bunch of Britons. His current research focuses on stress, burnout, and wellbeing in sports, with a particular interest in high-performance environments and elite coaching. As Black British History Month draws to a close, TV historian Prof David Olusoga looks at the impact it's had - and how young people are taking it on. He seems to be an interesting social historian and his TV series on the occupants of a single house over the centuries is very good, although I suspect a lot of the research is done by others, I look forward to an even handed expose of the entire slave trade from birth to capture, imprisonment, sale, transportation, arrival, sale, treatment and life while enslaved as well as the UKs role in stopping it, But it wont be on the BBC, and he wont be writing it I fear, @smfs And even if you personally disagree with it, what would be the strongest argument for some form of legal settlement? Two men managed to escape and were rescued, but not before my great, great, grandfather was beaten, starved and worked to death, his body thrown into the jungle for the animals and insects to dispose of. It may have made sense for the SS to starve labourers to death. At the moment it seems to regarded as a good thing. Joining them is Psychologist and Lecturer at Lancaster University, Dr David Tod, for a fascinating conversation about the psychology of acting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestmannaeyjar, Slavery in England definitely continued for a couple of generations after the Norman Conquest and Bristol was a major export centre, though there were attempts to ban the export trade in particular (https://www.historytoday.com/archive/normans-and-slavery-breaking-bonds has some interesting quotes from the time). My argument is that Africans were probably happily killing each other for women before the West turned up. It built slave forts on the African coast, some such as Bunce Island in Sierra Leone furnished with a rape house. BurningEars August 30, 2020 at 3:07 pm Theres a flaw in arguments of the form frankly you should be glad I murdered your sister. What has Nigeria ever done for him? One sporting event that has captured your imagination I was fortunate enough to get tickets to see some of the basketball at the London 2012 Olympics, so my brother and I went to watch the GB vs. Spain game. Fuck right off As a winning debating strategy. Moreover its arguably unjust that only victims of still-extant states have a route to compensation whereas people from ethnic groups roughly contemporaneously massacred, enslaved and sacrificed by the Aztec Empire have nobody to sue. Id say this to Mr Olusoga. If we went down this route thered be goodness knows how much fun and games to be had with legal claims over the treatment of Irish by Cromwell, the clearing of the Highlands and so on, before you even get on to the globe-spanning imperial stuff. You may concede a point here, a point there. There is plenty of slavery about we just do not call it that. Slavery within West African societies being different again I dont think the places with very high rates of local slavery were anything like the sugar plantations. First launched in London in 1987, it aims to highlight and celebrate what black people have achieved in Britain throughout history. Reasonable estimates have some 50% of the inhabitants of the Sokoto Caliphate as late as the late 19th cent being slaves. It died out with the Romans leaving, and its non-legality repeatedly reaffirmed from the reign of the early Normans onwards. It was far too real to her. Re putting the argument for paedophilia they actually gave Gide the Nobel prize for literature didnt they? I had a girlfriend whose mother was a Nazi. So is Richard Murphy. That is not true. Jamaicans and Nigerians used to hate each other. "Equiano is the most important voice that we have from the British experience of slavery and the slave trade," he said. No one has said we should not consider someone elses viewpoint. White people will take it. It isnt going to happen anyway. We pretend we do not like slavery but actually we do not like slave traders. Peter Pan & Wendy is a live-action reimagining of the J.M . Then, in October, came a breakthrough. Id say the same to the Black Lives Matter people. His black half can get the half-payment direct from his white half. It does not take people long to starve to death and slaves were paid for. Like I said, as a mental exercise, if I do my best good faith effort to imagine an argument for reparations, I reckon it would concern harms committed by the state (which unlike the slave traders and owners, is still about today) and an argument that it breached some alleged fundamental/universal doctrine of law so that even the states efforts to put the slave industry on a legal footing were null and void. Should black history be taught all year round? Now Im trying to imagine just what the strongest case for reparations might be, but even in this thought experiment its hard to see what the eligibility criteria for receiving payment should be, what sum should be due, how much proof is required of eligibility not everyone will have a good set of family records etc. A covering letter would be a courtesy but probably not a necessity. As it happens, I dont believe in sins of the fathers passing down the generations. One in which enslaved people suffered and even died from malnutrition, as the economics of the slave trade meant that it was cheaper, at times, to starve people and then replace them than it was to provide them with food. That may have caused more violence. "This is a richer history as well as a necessary history; this is a more vivid history as well as a history that tells the back stories of more people in this country than the traditional narratives we've had.". The masses who once supported black freedom now campaigned for the Deep South. I still find arguing the toss, or watching others doing so, interesting partly because it shows how the viewpoints are divergent, how many arguments are self-interested, what social, cultural and economic forces are at work behind it all. Purely speculatively, and as a matter of prediction rather than judging whats best, its hard to imagine large-scale reparations ever being adopted in Blighty because the ratio of losers to winners with the vote (presuming eg British Asians would be ineligible for compensation) is going to remain unfavourable and the cost of reparations across the relevant parts of the old Empire (if youre compensating British Jamaicans, presumably youre going to compensate all the Jamaicans in Jamaica once youve accepted the principle) would be considerable. Maybe someone should advise him to button his lip before he stirs up something he may not like. The South Sea bubble, the greatest financial crash of the 18th century, was intimately connected to Britains dealings with Africa, though this is rarely acknowledged by historians. And this of course neatly addresses MBEs arguments. His dad met his mom at the city's university in the 1960s. Theres probably more mileage in my country, or at least its historical incarnation, fought against it because unlike the actual people involved, the state is still around. Video1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat, How 10% of Nigerian registered voters delivered victory, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip. That involved killing the adult men. @ Boganboy Again, not that these market forces absolve the sellers of a moral responsibility, but there is an argument occasionally deployed that slaves would have been slaves anyway. In 1796, a bill was defeated by only four votes: a group of abolitionist MPs went to the opera and missed the vote. He talks about slavery because YOU care. You might have heard of a Romano-British chap called Patrick, got enslaved and nabbed to Ireland? But as someone who is damaged by slavery I have lived in racially mixed communities and I am happy to see Obama and Kamala pay up. Kyle Rittenhouse, unlike the rest of their sorry asses, did something. Young people - such as Lavinya Stennett who founded the Black Curriculum campaign group - have been calling for change. However, it applies to at least 80% of Americans. He is the author of the 2016 book Black and British: A Forgotten History, which was awarded both the Longman-History Today Trustees Award 2017 and the PEN Hessell-Tiltman Prize 2017. Dr Peter Olusoga is a senior psychology lecturer at Sheffield Hallam university. Now they do. They also ran a slave trade to the Ottoman empire and white slavery in the north without any help from Europeans. The publication in 1852 of Uncle Toms Cabin, by the American abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe, swelled national sympathy for the plight of black slaves. "Incorporating the stories of people like Equiano is merely part of a process of looking at all of British history; not just being selective, not only going to the chapters that make us feel good about ourselves or proud.". Societies have what morals suit them. This year, return to Neverland. His autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, details how he was sold into slavery aged 11, his experience of travelling the world as slave to a Royal Navy officer - who renamed him Gustavus Vassa - and how he bought his freedom from his final master, an English merchant in Montserrat. That was at the least unusual, particularly from a West European perspective bearing in mind the practice of slavery had pretty much fizzled out there. arguments are pretty weak since relying on a doctrine of virtues of the fathers risks implicitly accepting sins of the fathers.. But a group of 12 disciples of Christ set out to change things. He presents a one sided and biased picture of slavery which takes no account of the African participation in it. Instead he has become a campaigner working to discredit Britain, the country that has educated him, promoted him and brought him fame and acceptance. Those who grew rich on slavery and the slave trade were not neutral and no achievement or act of philanthropy justifies airbrushing their involvement from history.. Their demands should simply be refused. We are told that an estimated 12.5 million slaves were shipped from Africa to the West Indies and elsewhere in the 18th century. That assumes an increase in demand. What would happen to that money, who knows, but as its (or was) your money, thats between you and your grifter of choice. many African tribes kept slaves. One in which enslaved people suffered and even died from malnutrition, as the economics of the slave trade meant that it was cheaper, at times, to starve people and then replace them than it was to provide them with food. Thats why when the question is raised, I always point out that they owe me lots and lots of money. Theres no point pretending Europeans who profited from either the transatlantic slave trade or the use of slave labour in the Americas were somehow doing a favour to the slaves involved, even if, as it happens but their owners could not have predicted, their surviving descendants ended up financially better off on average than the counterfactual of remaining in Africa. David Olusoga Historian, broadcaster and film-maker. If you had spare cash or could borrow, investment in slavery was a sure winner, never mind slave rebellions or hurricanes that destroyed cane fields. 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The point about slave descendants in Georgia being better off than descendants of slave sellers from West Africa is reasonably strong (though look back in everyones ancestry and youre likely to find, far back enough, a mix of slaves, owners and probably traders too). So there were times when food was expensive, we can call those shortages or famines. "The way history is viewed is changing. How could Britain, a civilised and Christian nation, indulge in rape, torture, killing and the forced labour of Africans over two centuries? Viking Dublin was a major slave-trading centre (English, Irish, Scots, anyone else they could get their hands on). What is their strongest argument? When the American Civil War interrupted the supply of cotton, hundreds of thousands of British workers were made destitute, dependent on soup kitchens, and the British economy was dealt a thunderous blow, all because an ocean away the forced labour of four million enslaved black Americans had been disrupted. After decades of complaints, the Royal African Company lost its monopoly in 1712 and, Olusoga writes, Independent traders were turned loose upon the shores of Africa. These traders had argued (stone-blind to irony) that the right to enslave Africans was a defining feature of English freedom and that the Royal African Company had breached their status as free-born Englishmen. Britain should be proud of helping to stop (African to America) slavery, like the Republican Party and unlike the Democrats. And yet Africans and West Indians were banned from the victory parade in 1919. Over 1000 years in Britain. Some other buyer would have taken them if they werent shipped out, and Western (or Arab) traders were just changing the ownership and location, the sins of the slave-raiders being theirs alone to bear. Welsh slave-raids into England continued until early Norman times. 5 quotes from David Olusoga: 'On a peninsula protruding into one of the great highways of the Atlantic slave trade, a few hundred refugees from British slavery in North America were attempting to recreate the social structures of Northern Europe in the Middle Ages.', 'Time and again events and phenomena that we think we know and understand contain within them lost or camouflaged connections to . They are pretty much airbrushed from history, whereas the transatlantic slave trade seems to be wall-to-wall on our TV screens and in our school textbooks. Pretty much everybody in the West is against slavery. Quite possibly slave-raiding Gaels before that. Peter completed his award-winning PhD, exploring stress and coping in elite sports coaching, at Sheffield Hallam in 2012. Video, 1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat, BBC Radio 3 - Drama on 3: The Meaning of Zong, BBC Bitesize: The Zong 1781-1783 - The triangular trade, during a debate on Black History and Cultural Diversity in the Curriculum, Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Explosive found in check-in luggage at US airport, Fungus case forces Jack Daniels to halt construction, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Fire knocks out half of Argentina's power grid, Havana Syndrome unlikely to have hostile cause - US, Starbucks illegally fired workers over union - judge. In America few were castrated, which is why there are now >40 million descendants there. Different people can argue the toss from different viewpoints and perspectives but in many ways their arguments pass each other like ships in the night, because they havent all got nobodys got an absolute frame of reference to judge things with respect to. 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