Nappinai, N, S. (2010). 43 0 obj 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R null 536 0 R null 537 0 R null 538 0 R null 539 0 R null 540 0 R endobj 211 0 obj endobj >> endobj 151 0 obj WebPrvn pedpisy o kyberstalkingu - Cyberstalking legislation Kybernetick pronsledovn a kyberikana jsou relativn novmi jevy, ale to neznamen, e zloiny spchan prostednictvm st nelze trestat podle legislativy navren k tomuto elu. /Resources << >> 155 0 obj causes, attempts to cause, or would be reasonably expected to cause substantial emotional distress to a person described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of paragraph (1)(A). 20 [204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 581 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R /S /P 89 514 0 R 90 516 0 R 91 517 0 R 92 524 0 R 93 525 0 R >> [12][13], That said, true threats are not considered to be protected speech. >> >> 220 0 obj << /K [2 581 0 R 4] >> /Pg 15 0 R << /Pg 27 0 R endobj Webcyber stalking as online harassment, which may include various digitally harassing 6 Heena Keswani, Cyber Stalking: A Critical Study, Bharati Law Review.131, 131-32 (2017). /S /P /P 9 0 R endobj << /Parent 3 0 R /P 9 0 R /S /P /S /P >> 72 0 obj << >> [40] III. /P 9 0 R However, like the Megan Meier Cyberbullying Prevention Act, this bill also has its detractors. /Pg 22 0 R >> >> /Pg 25 0 R 34 0 obj >> 94 526 0 R 95 527 0 R 96 529 0 R 97 530 0 R 98 531 0 R /K 23 /Contents 280 0 R However, state laws vary in how they handle cyberstalking.Technology can quickly be put to use by stalkers; for /Kids [6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R] 122 0 obj << >> /Type /Pages /S /P /P 9 0 R /Pg 30 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R Google Scholar Eck J. E., Weisburd D. (1995). /Pg 30 0 R << /ColorSpace << /Annots [259 0 R 260 0 R 261 0 R 262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R] /Pg 20 0 R << << endobj /K [1 382 0 R 28 383 0 R 30] /ColorSpace << Cyberstalking laws in the United States, both federal and state, support victims of all ages, however some sites focus on those laws that protect victims under the age of 18. [28] On January 1, 2009, a California law became effective that allows schools to suspend or expel students who harass other students online. >> Contact Beckham Solis, Attorneys at Law at (305) 290-1884 for representation from a team in Miami with over 35 years of collective experience. /Resources << endobj /TT2 245 0 R /S /P << >> >> /Resources << /K 8 << << /Pg 31 0 R /Pg 19 0 R >> /Pg 14 0 R >> /P 9 0 R 94 0 obj /StructParents 14 /P 9 0 R Cyberstalking and the technologies of interpersonal terrorism. << >> /Pg 31 0 R << << /S /P [11] The state of North Carolina invalidated such a law in State v. endobj /Pg 30 0 R /K [7 528 0 R] /Type /Pages Particularly in instances where there are no laws explicitly against cyberbullying, it is not uncommon for defendants to argue that their conduct amounts to an exercise of their freedom of speech. /P 9 0 R In addition to imprisonment, the court may also order the alleged offender to pay a $250,000 fine. /S /P Jurisdictional and definitional concerns with computer-mediated interpersonal crimes: An analysis on cyber stalking. >> 205 0 obj While some sites specialize in laws that protect victims age 18 and under, Working to Halt Online Abuse is a help resource listing current and pending cyberstalking-related United States federal and state laws. 139 0 obj >> >> /Font << /S /P /P 9 0 R Florida also has an aggravated cyberstalking law. /Resources << >> /S /P /StructParents 12 << /Pg 13 0 R << /P 9 0 R 90 0 obj >> << 185 0 obj endobj /Pg 13 0 R /S /P << 109 0 R 470 0 R 109 0 R 471 0 R 109 0 R 472 0 R 109 0 R] /P 9 0 R /Contents 316 0 R >> 218 0 obj /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] >> /P 9 0 R /CreationDate (D:20110216102934+01'00') /P 9 0 R << /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] endobj /K 4 >> << >> Cyberstalking Laws When it comes to laws against cyberstalking, this type of harassment falls under the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 at the national level. >> /P 9 0 R [29] In addition, Section 1708.7 of the California Civil Code outlines grounds for an individual suing their cyberstalker and any accomplices for general damages, special damages, and punitive damages for cyberstalking. /K 14 /K 11 He notes that there are two basic types of anti-stalking legislations - the list model and the closed model. endobj 2018Par. >> /Type /Page /P 9 0 R 95-849, eff. /Font << /K 1 /S /P endobj Under the Dormant Commerce Clause, a state or local law is unconstitutional when it imposes a burden on interstate commerce that is clearly excessive in relation to the putative local benefits. As applied in this context, this doctrine is used to evaluate state laws that regulate Internet use, such as cyberstalking laws. Federal Criminal Cyberstalking Statutes [13] Both section 2261A(2) and section 875(c) are federal criminal statutes used to prosecute cyberstalking cases. >> /P 9 0 R 96 0 obj << /K [6 550 0 R 17] /ColorSpace << >> 3. >> 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R More technologically sophisticated e-mail harassers send "mail bombs," which fill a person's mailbox with hundreds or even thousands of unwanted messages in the hope of making the account useless. Thus, something that may be deemed cyberbullying at first glance may, in fact, be more akin to something like parody or similar. >> << >> 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R /Rotate 0 /K [533 0 R 534 0 R 535 0 R 536 0 R 537 0 R 538 0 R 539 0 R 540 0 R] endobj /Pg 20 0 R endobj /Pg 19 0 R /S /P /Rotate 0 Under 18 U.S.C. An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute controlling legal authority. endobj 87 0 obj /CS1 [/ICCBased 242 0 R] /K 16 /Pg 27 0 R /K [393 0 R 394 0 R 395 0 R 396 0 R 397 0 R 398 0 R 399 0 R 400 0 R 401 0 R] endobj /S /P << 156 0 obj /S /P << endobj /S /P 45 0 obj >> /K 2 endobj [5], Commonwealth offences that criminalise the misuse of telecommunication services are also relevant when technology is used to communicate harassment[6] or threats. << 1. 30 0 obj 73 0 obj << /K 3 /Pg 17 0 R << An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice. 99 0 obj Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. /CS0 [/ICCBased 241 0 R] << << This is the Convention on Cybercrime, signed by the Council of Europe in Budapest on November 23, 2001. /Font << /ModDate (D:20110216102938+01'00') endobj endobj /K 10 195 0 obj 204 0 obj /K 26 << /P 9 0 R /S /P << endobj 51 0 obj /Font << << The law also requires schools to create policies to address bullying in a general sense.[40][41]. /S /P /S /P [2] Not only is the issue of cyberbullying extensive, it has adverse effects on adolescents: increased depression, suicidal behavior, anxiety, and increased susceptibility of drug use and aggressive behavior.[3]. /CS0 [/ICCBased 241 0 R] /XObject << >> 16, pp. endobj << /Pg 32 0 R >> endobj WebCyberstalking is the use of the Internet, email, text messaging, or other electronic communications to follow someone in a threatening manner, and generally refers to using (2010). >> /Type /Page Others send electronic viruses that can infect the victim's files. /Type /Page /K 8 /TT4 245 0 R /K [7 388 0 R 40] /P 9 0 R /TT2 285 0 R endobj /Pg 25 0 R Halder, D. & Jaishankar, K. (2008). >> /K [5 425 0 R 23 426 0 R 25 427 0 R 27] /K 5 << /K 12 /S /P /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] >> 212 0 R 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R] /Length 1250 123 0 obj /Pg 26 0 R /Pg 27 0 R /K 6 /Contents 339 0 R /S /P /K 9 0 R endobj /Pg 30 0 R 46 0 obj /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] 125 0 obj /P 9 0 R 149 0 obj /K [2 499 0 R 25 500 0 R 27 501 0 R 502 0 R 503 0 R] << /Pg 23 0 R endobj /Pg 32 0 R /TT2 244 0 R >> /TT0 243 0 R However, this distinction is one of semantics, and many laws treat bullying and stalking as much the same issue. << /Endnote /Note WebCyberstalking Laws. /Pg 31 0 R /K 4 /Pg 19 0 R 129 0 obj /Pg 22 0 R /S /P >> /StructParents 4 /ColorSpace << endobj /TT0 243 0 R << endobj /TT1 285 0 R 424 0 R 81 0 R 425 0 R 82 0 R 426 0 R 82 0 R 427 0 R 82 0 R] >> /P 9 0 R << /P 9 0 R /Pg 27 0 R endobj /S /P /K 6 c/o ISBS, 5804 N.E. /StructParents 8 /S /P /P 9 0 R >> /P 9 0 R >> >> 70 0 obj /P 9 0 R >> >> << /S /Footnote Volume 96 96 N.C. App. Prior to amendment, section related to stalking. null 461 0 R null 462 0 R 620 0 R 462 0 R null 463 0 R null 464 0 R << << /K 12 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R endobj L. 116249 substituted section 2261(b) or section 2261B, as the case may be for section 2261(b) of this title in concluding provisions. endobj >> WebPrvn pedpisy o kyberstalkingu - Cyberstalking legislation Kybernetick pronsledovn a kyberikana jsou relativn novmi jevy, ale to neznamen, e zloiny spchan prostednictvm st nelze trestat podle legislativy navren k tomuto elu. >> /K 3 /S /P /P 9 0 R >> /Rotate 0 178 0 obj [15], In general, such organizations argue that while the need for legislation against cyberbullying may exist, legislators must take a cautious, reasoned approach to enacting laws, and not rush into creating laws that would curtail speech too much. /S /Sect /StructParents 3 >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] << endobj /P 9 0 R /Font << 131 0 obj << << Verified Attorney >> /TT1 245 0 R endobj /StructParents 5 >> endobj 88 0 obj << endobj >> [42] One of the oft-cited arguments against the bill comes from talk radio, with the concern expressed being that the law would be used to silence political opponents who use the airwaves to espouse divergent viewpoints. << /S /P 161 0 obj /S /P 1 0 obj endobj /K 5 /K 3 /P 9 0 R /S /P /K [0 367 0 R 15 368 0 R 17] /Pg 13 0 R /S /Footnote Blunt Signs Bill Outlawing Cyberbullying", "Federal judge blocks Washington state cyberstalking law", "How punishing people for 'doxxing' could prove tricky for Washington lawmakers", "Cyberbullying Bill Gets Chilly Reception", "Federal Cyberbullying Law: 'Worth a Try'? >> This case is now considered a landmark in the realm of First Amendment issues on the Internet.[17]. There are laws that only address online harassment of children or focus on child predators as well as laws that protect adult cyberstalking victims, or victims of any age. 2 0 obj /S /P /CS0 [/ICCBased 241 0 R] /K [5 510 0 R 23 511 0 R 25 512 0 R 27 513 0 R 29 514 0 R /Pg 30 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R << /TT0 243 0 R 66 0 obj /StructParents 13 /P 9 0 R In the United States, for example, nearly every state has laws that address cyberstalking, cyberbullying, or both.[1]. Cybercrime is a growing concern to countries at all levels of developments and affects both, buyers and sellers. [41] /Pg 16 0 R /Pg 32 0 R /K [2 403 0 R 33 404 0 R 35 405 0 R 37 406 0 R 39] /Pg 20 0 R /Limits [32 63] /P 9 0 R /S /P /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] 23 0 obj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /Subject () /P 9 0 R Stalking a person online may also involve stalking the person in real life. endobj Like the Meier case, the Clementi case spurred legislators (this time, in New Jersey) to pass a law specifically aimed at bullying, an "Anti-bullying Bill of Rights". WebCyberstalking's definition is quite simply, the use of the internet, or other electronic means, to harass and intimidate a selected victim. /S /P /ParentTree 10 0 R /Rotate 0 << /Parent 6 0 R << >> /P 9 0 R /Pg 30 0 R >> endobj /P 9 0 R What are the Penalties for Cyberstalking? /S /P << /Pg 28 0 R 76 0 obj Browse; Reporter N.C. App. 96 0 R 445 0 R 96 0 R 446 0 R 96 0 R 452 0 R 98 0 R 453 0 R 103 0 R] Davis, A.J. /P 9 0 R /K 2 >> /Pg 31 0 R /K [4 424 0 R 21] >> 29 0 obj The other bill, SB 5628, focused on online harassment and was written with the Anti-Defamation League to update the existing law to uphold the First Amendment. /K 8 >> 19 [185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 176 0 obj >> << /S /P /K [0 407 0 R 22] /StructParents 15 /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] endobj /Rotate 0 /P 9 0 R 69 0 obj WebEven though there is no federal law on cyberbullying, there absolutely is one that covers cyberstalking. /Pg 29 0 R /CS0 [/ICCBased 241 0 R] /S /P /Font << >> >> /Font << /S /P >> /ColorSpace << L. 115334, title XII, 12502(a)(1). 104 627 0 R 105 550 0 R 106 629 0 R 107 631 0 R 108 562 0 R 33 0 R 364 0 R 41 0 R 365 0 R 41 0 R 366 0 R 42 0 R] /Pg 19 0 R endobj endobj Also, law enforcement officers must be trained to deal with /S /P << >> /P 9 0 R 11 [122 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R null 490 0 R null 491 0 R null 492 0 R null endobj endobj /ColorSpace << endobj << [48] In addition, as with the Snchez bill, there are questions as to the free speech implications.[49]. /P 9 0 R 2006Pub. 6 0 obj /TT1 245 0 R endobj WebCaselaw Access Project cases. << << /TT0 243 0 R /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /K [374 0 R 375 0 R 376 0 R 377 0 R 378 0 R 379 0 R 380 0 R 381 0 R] /Type /Page 80 0 obj It may involve any number of incidents including threats, libel, defamation, sexual harassment, or other actions in which to control, influence, or intimidate their target. << North Carolina Court of Appeals Reports (1963-2014) volume 96. /Pg 21 0 R /K 2 Indian Journal of Criminology & Criminalistics, 31(1), 16 30. 85 0 obj State v. Robert Bishop, 787 S.E.2d 814 (N.C. 2016). In the case of United States v. Baker, for example, an undergraduate at the University of Michigan was charged with crimes related to snuff stories he had posted on Internet newsgroups, stories that named one of his fellow students. /ColorSpace << /K 3 /Pg 30 0 R In an interesting paper, Chik discusses international cyberstalking regulatory considerations. /P 9 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /P 9 0 R /Marked true /P 9 0 R << /S /P endobj >> << Spitzberg, B. H., & Hoobler, G. (2002). /S /P >> /CS1 [/ICCBased 242 0 R] It stipulates various ranges of imprisonment for anyone who uses /P 9 0 R >> endobj 102 0 obj For example, a student in California who was suspended from school based on cyberbullying claims took the school district to court, citing a breach of her First Amendment rights; the court agreed with the student and found the school district had overstepped its authority. << endobj << The list model lists types of offences and provides certainty, but is rather restrictive. /Pg 28 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /S /P /Count 6 /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /Kids [219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R] uuid:d8c3b813-d862-4a2b-984b-af1190141099 >> >> /Parent 3 0 R /Pg 21 0 R /F2 224 0 R /Pg 13 0 R /Subtype /XML >> /K 5 /P 9 0 R /Keywords () << endobj /S /P /S /P >> >> 181 0 obj 26 0 obj endobj >> >> /TT0 243 0 R << 188 0 obj /S /P /Xf1 227 0 R endobj /Pg 30 0 R /P 9 0 R 2 /K [2 418 0 R 19] On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 2000Pub. /K [435 0 R 436 0 R 437 0 R 438 0 R 439 0 R 440 0 R 441 0 R 442 0 R 443 0 R] endobj 497 0 R 124 0 R 498 0 R 124 0 R 499 0 R 125 0 R 500 0 R 125 0 R] /K [2 384 0 R 32 385 0 R 34 386 0 R 36 387 0 R 38] /P 9 0 R /S /P << 189 0 obj 25 0 obj /TT1 245 0 R /K 14 /Font << /P 9 0 R /ColorSpace << 111 0 obj /P 9 0 R 24 0 obj /Pg 14 0 R /S /P /Type /Page /Rotate 0 First Amendment concerns often arise when questionable speech is uttered or posted online. /S /P ;.d.CLX2Xs?hwn;.q`oG{cO`&>x!] _lX ^a%o>/$Cjn(sNWb8NqwhC_g9YnKJG`dUGu=_Gs;|=|QUw d5hdUgkgD}bqIVIC';*',~dc@cU)anUaABGFpzr?Em-Mz~n.MO`O\{|{otxWUb\LWk9Y P-3cV~'t&, International (cyber)stalking: impediments to investigation and prosecution. /Rotate 0 585 0 R 586 0 R 587 0 R 588 0 R 589 0 R 590 0 R 591 0 R 592 0 R 593 0 R 594 0 R /TT2 244 0 R a. /S /Footnote /Pg 21 0 R /Pg 19 0 R /P 9 0 R /Pg 31 0 R >> /P 9 0 R endobj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /P 9 0 R /StructParents 1 190 0 obj << endobj /Resources << endobj /K 1 /K 7 >> 212 0 obj States that have passed legislation have done so generally in response to incidents within that state, to address what they believe to be shortcomings in federal laws, or to expand protection to victims above and beyond existing statutes. /TT2 244 0 R << null 519 0 R null 520 0 R null 521 0 R null 522 0 R null 523 0 R A lock ( /Kids [23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R] /Resources << /K [1 402 0 R 31] 101 0 obj endobj A lot is at stake in a federal cyberstalking case, which is why you need aggressive defense on your side. /K 6 198 0 obj >> >> /TT1 245 0 R 114 0 obj 185 0 R null 578 0 R null 635 0 R 636 0 R] >> Par. Iw6'*Tk5?;IOh"q5e>KFqhe5JN:{:24t5Y5F2\(yQ tkn >> << 4 [66 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /Rotate 0 >> It further mandates that school administrators inform parents of bullying that occurs within the schools themselves. << This website contains the federal and individual state laws on cyberstalking. >> 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, 5(1), 22-27. /Rotate 0 79 496 0 R 80 497 0 R 81 498 0 R 82 499 0 R 83 500 0 R >> /K 18 << /Font << << However, it merely focused on financial crimes and neglected interpersonal criminal behaviours such as cyberstalking (Behera, 2010; Halder & Jaishankar, 2008; Nappinai, 2010). /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /S /P /P 9 0 R /Pg 32 0 R /S /P Cybercrimes are a relatively new area of law, and regulations continue to evolve. After progressing through the courts, the charges against Baker were dismissed primarily on grounds that there was no evidence that Baker would actually act out the fantasies contained in those stories. /Pg 13 0 R /Annots [324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R] 3 0 obj << 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R endobj 130 0 obj /P 9 0 R << >> /S /P In addition, opponents call the proposed sentences (up to two years incarceration) excessive. North Carolina State Supreme Court Strikes Down Cyberbullying Statute. /S /P endobj /S /P /K 10 135 0 obj 116 0 obj >> >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 241 0 R] 200 0 obj /Pg 14 0 R /Nums [0 [33 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 10 0 obj /P 9 0 R << /K 1 << 4203] increases penalties related to the stalking of minors. /S /P /Annots [228 0 R] endobj "Electronic communication" includes transmissions by a computer through the Internet to another computer. 20 0 obj endobj >> << /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /Pg 32 0 R endobj /S /P << /Pg 30 0 R 86 0 obj /Pg 31 0 R The first cyberstalking law went into effect just over a year ago in California, and Congress is considering a federal law. endobj endobj 203 0 obj >> Pittaro M. L. (2007). endobj >> /Resources << 76 0 R] endobj << /K [9 416 0 R 30 417 0 R] /Annots [286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R] << /Pg 14 0 R /Type /Page Further, cyber-industries must develop policies and procedures for protecting their clients. endobj In the case of Tyler Clementi, who killed himself after video of his homosexual encounter was broadcast on the Internet, prosecutors charged the defendants with invasion of privacy and computer crimes. Law Order /Metadata 2 0 R endobj According to "Who@: Working to Halt Online Abuse": (a) Harassment through electronic communications is the use of electronic communication for any of the following /Pg 24 0 R << /TT1 245 0 R >> /S /P 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R WebAs a first degree misdemeanor, cyberstalking in Florida is punishable by up to 12 months in county jail and up to a $1000 fine. /Parent 8 0 R /K [431 0 R 432 0 R 433 0 R] In a general sense, it would seem simple to legislate this type of behavior; slander and libel laws exist to tackle these situations. /P 9 0 R /Pg 31 0 R Cyberstalking is a type of online harassment that involves using electronic means to stalk a victim, and generally refers to a pattern of threatening or malicious 13 0 obj /P 9 0 R << /S /Footnote << >> /S /P /ParentTreeNextKey 116 /K 578 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj 12 [125 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R null 504 0 R null endobj L. 104201, div. >> >> /Pg 24 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R /Pg 22 0 R /K [2 524 0 R 26 525 0 R 28 526 0 R 30] /K 6 >> Governor Signs Landmark Anti-Bullying Law", "Missouri Gov. Knowingly permitting any electronic communications device to be used for any of the purposes mentioned in this subsection (a). 401 0 R null 389 0 R 62 0 R 390 0 R 62 0 R 391 0 R 62 0 R 392 0 R 62 0 R /K 19 Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press. However, just as with slander and libel, it is important to balance the protection of freedom of speech of both parties with the need for protection of the target. Cyberbullying Statute ; Reporter N.C. App this bill also has an aggravated law! As cyberstalking laws an analysis on cyber stalking Court Strikes Down Cyberbullying Statute regulatory considerations /P 9 0 R WebCaselaw! /Page Others send electronic viruses that can infect the victim 's files Journal of Criminology &,. > this case is now considered a landmark in the realm of First Amendment issues the... 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